diff --git a/nanovllm/debug/__init__.py b/nanovllm/debug/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..923c30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nanovllm/debug/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""
+Breakpoint debugging tools for aligning nanovllm with reference implementations.
+
+This module provides a generator-based breakpoint aligner that enables step-by-step
+comparison between nanovllm and torch reference model outputs.
+
+Example:
+    >>> from nanovllm.debug import BreakpointAligner, TorchSteppable, NanovllmSteppable
+    >>> from tests.modeling_qwen3 import Qwen3ForCausalLM
+    >>>
+    >>> # Load models
+    >>> torch_model = Qwen3ForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, dtype=torch.float16)
+    >>> nanovllm_model = ...  # Your nanovllm model
+    >>>
+    >>> # Create adapters
+    >>> ref = TorchSteppable(torch_model)
+    >>> test = NanovllmSteppable(nanovllm_model)
+    >>>
+    >>> # Run alignment
+    >>> aligner = BreakpointAligner(ref, test)
+    >>> result = aligner.align(input_ids)
+    >>> print(result)
+"""
+
+from .breakpoints import BreakpointType, Breakpoint
+from .comparator import TensorComparator, ComparisonResult
+from .aligner import BreakpointAligner, AlignmentResult
+from .adapters import SteppableModel, TorchSteppable, NanovllmSteppable
+from .utils import setup_prefill_context, setup_decode_context, cleanup_context
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Core classes
+    "BreakpointAligner",
+    "AlignmentResult",
+    # Breakpoints
+    "BreakpointType",
+    "Breakpoint",
+    # Comparator
+    "TensorComparator",
+    "ComparisonResult",
+    # Adapters
+    "SteppableModel",
+    "TorchSteppable",
+    "NanovllmSteppable",
+    # Utils
+    "setup_prefill_context",
+    "setup_decode_context",
+    "cleanup_context",
+]
diff --git a/nanovllm/debug/adapters/__init__.py b/nanovllm/debug/adapters/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..771e74f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nanovllm/debug/adapters/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""Model adapters for breakpoint alignment."""
+
+from .base import SteppableModel
+from .torch_adapter import TorchSteppable
+from .nanovllm_adapter import NanovllmSteppable
+
+__all__ = [
+    "SteppableModel",
+    "TorchSteppable",
+    "NanovllmSteppable",
+]
diff --git a/nanovllm/debug/adapters/base.py b/nanovllm/debug/adapters/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e5c0b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nanovllm/debug/adapters/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""Base class for steppable model adapters."""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Generator, Set, Optional
+import torch
+
+from ..breakpoints import Breakpoint, BreakpointType
+
+
+class SteppableModel(ABC):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for models that can yield at breakpoints.
+
+    Subclasses implement the step() method as a generator that yields
+    Breakpoint objects at each enabled breakpoint during forward pass.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, enabled_breakpoints: Optional[Set[BreakpointType]] = None):
+        """
+        Args:
+            enabled_breakpoints: Set of breakpoint types to yield at.
+                                If None, yields at all breakpoints.
+        """
+        self.enabled_breakpoints = enabled_breakpoints
+
+    def is_enabled(self, bp_type: BreakpointType) -> bool:
+        """Check if a breakpoint type is enabled."""
+        if self.enabled_breakpoints is None:
+            return True
+        return bp_type in self.enabled_breakpoints
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def step(
+        self,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        positions: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        is_prefill: bool = True,
+    ) -> Generator[Breakpoint, None, torch.Tensor]:
+        """
+        Generator that yields Breakpoint objects at enabled breakpoints.
+
+        Args:
+            input_ids: Input token IDs
+            positions: Position IDs (optional, auto-generated if None)
+            is_prefill: True for prefill phase, False for decode
+
+        Yields:
+            Breakpoint objects at each enabled checkpoint
+
+        Returns:
+            Final output tensor (logits)
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def num_layers(self) -> int:
+        """Return the number of decoder layers."""
+        pass
diff --git a/nanovllm/debug/adapters/nanovllm_adapter.py b/nanovllm/debug/adapters/nanovllm_adapter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ab38be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nanovllm/debug/adapters/nanovllm_adapter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+"""Nanovllm model adapter for breakpoint alignment."""
+
+from typing import Generator, Set, Optional, Dict, Any, List
+import torch
+
+from nanovllm.utils.context import set_context, reset_context
+from ..breakpoints import Breakpoint, BreakpointType
+from .base import SteppableModel
+
+
+class NanovllmSteppable(SteppableModel):
+    """
+    Steppable adapter for nanovllm Qwen3 implementation.
+
+    Uses PyTorch hooks to capture intermediate values during forward pass,
+    then yields them as breakpoints after execution completes.
+
+    Key challenges handled:
+    1. Shape difference: nanovllm uses [num_tokens, hidden] vs [batch, seq, hidden]
+    2. Context-based attention: must call set_context() before forward
+    3. Fused operations: decoder layer returns (hidden_states, residual) tuple
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model,
+        enabled_breakpoints: Optional[Set[BreakpointType]] = None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            model: Qwen3ForCausalLM from nanovllm
+            enabled_breakpoints: Set of breakpoint types to yield at
+        """
+        super().__init__(enabled_breakpoints)
+        self.model = model
+        self.model.eval()
+        self._hooks: List[Any] = []
+        self._captured: Dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {}
+
+    @property
+    def num_layers(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.model.model.layers)
+
+    def _register_hooks(self):
+        """Register forward hooks on all relevant modules."""
+        self._hooks = []
+        self._captured = {}
+
+        # Hook for embedding output
+        def embed_hook(module, input, output):
+            self._captured["embed"] = output.detach().clone()
+
+        self._hooks.append(
+            self.model.model.embed_tokens.register_forward_hook(embed_hook)
+        )
+
+        # Hooks for each decoder layer
+        for layer_idx in range(self.num_layers):
+            layer = self.model.model.layers[layer_idx]
+
+            def make_layer_hook(idx):
+                def hook(module, input, output):
+                    # Decoder layer returns (hidden_states, residual)
+                    hidden_states = output[0] if isinstance(output, tuple) else output
+                    self._captured[f"layer_{idx}"] = hidden_states.detach().clone()
+                return hook
+
+            self._hooks.append(
+                layer.register_forward_hook(make_layer_hook(layer_idx))
+            )
+
+        # Hook for final norm
+        def final_norm_hook(module, input, output):
+            # Final norm returns (hidden_states, _) for fused add
+            hidden_states = output[0] if isinstance(output, tuple) else output
+            self._captured["final_norm"] = hidden_states.detach().clone()
+
+        self._hooks.append(
+            self.model.model.norm.register_forward_hook(final_norm_hook)
+        )
+
+        # Hook for lm_head
+        def lm_head_hook(module, input, output):
+            self._captured["lm_head"] = output.detach().clone()
+
+        self._hooks.append(
+            self.model.lm_head.register_forward_hook(lm_head_hook)
+        )
+
+    def _remove_hooks(self):
+        """Remove all registered hooks."""
+        for hook in self._hooks:
+            hook.remove()
+        self._hooks = []
+
+    def _setup_context(self, seq_len: int, device: torch.device, is_prefill: bool):
+        """
+        Set up nanovllm context for forward pass.
+
+        For alignment testing, we use simple context without real KV cache.
+        """
+        if is_prefill:
+            # Prefill: process all tokens at once
+            cu_seqlens = torch.tensor([0, seq_len], dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+            # Use -1 for slot_mapping to skip KV cache writes
+            slot_mapping = torch.full((seq_len,), -1, dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+
+            set_context(
+                is_prefill=True,
+                cu_seqlens_q=cu_seqlens,
+                cu_seqlens_k=cu_seqlens,
+                max_seqlen_q=seq_len,
+                max_seqlen_k=seq_len,
+                slot_mapping=slot_mapping,
+                is_chunked_prefill=False,
+            )
+        else:
+            # Decode: single token generation
+            # For decode, we need context_lens and block_tables
+            # For alignment testing without real KV cache, we use minimal setup
+            context_lens = torch.tensor([seq_len - 1], dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+            # Single token slot
+            slot_mapping = torch.tensor([-1], dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+            # Empty block tables (no KV cache)
+            block_tables = torch.zeros((1, 1), dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+
+            set_context(
+                is_prefill=False,
+                slot_mapping=slot_mapping,
+                context_lens=context_lens,
+                block_tables=block_tables,
+            )
+
+    def _normalize_tensor(self, tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        """
+        Normalize nanovllm tensor shape to [batch, seq_len, ...].
+
+        nanovllm uses [num_tokens, ...] format without batch dimension.
+        We add batch dimension for comparison with torch model.
+        """
+        if tensor.dim() == 2:  # [num_tokens, hidden_size]
+            return tensor.unsqueeze(0)
+        return tensor
+
+    def step(
+        self,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        positions: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        is_prefill: bool = True,
+    ) -> Generator[Breakpoint, None, torch.Tensor]:
+        """
+        Execute nanovllm forward pass with hooks to capture breakpoints.
+
+        Unlike the torch adapter which manually steps through each component,
+        we run the full forward pass and collect captured values afterward.
+        """
+        # Ensure 1D for nanovllm (it expects [num_tokens])
+        if input_ids.dim() == 2:
+            input_ids = input_ids.squeeze(0)
+
+        seq_len = input_ids.numel()
+        device = input_ids.device
+
+        # Generate position IDs if not provided
+        if positions is None:
+            positions = torch.arange(seq_len, device=device)
+        elif positions.dim() == 2:
+            positions = positions.squeeze(0)
+
+        # Register hooks
+        self._register_hooks()
+
+        try:
+            # Setup context for attention
+            self._setup_context(seq_len, device, is_prefill)
+
+            # Run forward pass (hooks capture everything)
+            with torch.no_grad():
+                hidden_states = self.model(input_ids, positions)
+                logits = self.model.compute_logits(hidden_states)
+
+            reset_context()
+
+            # Yield breakpoints in order from captured data
+
+            # EMBEDDING
+            if self.is_enabled(BreakpointType.EMBEDDING) and "embed" in self._captured:
+                yield Breakpoint(
+                    bp_type=BreakpointType.EMBEDDING,
+                    layer_idx=None,
+                    tensor=self._normalize_tensor(self._captured["embed"]),
+                    name="Embedding",
+                )
+
+            # LAYER_OUTPUT for each layer
+            if self.is_enabled(BreakpointType.LAYER_OUTPUT):
+                for layer_idx in range(self.num_layers):
+                    key = f"layer_{layer_idx}"
+                    if key in self._captured:
+                        yield Breakpoint(
+                            bp_type=BreakpointType.LAYER_OUTPUT,
+                            layer_idx=layer_idx,
+                            tensor=self._normalize_tensor(self._captured[key]),
+                            name=f"Layer {layer_idx}",
+                        )
+
+            # FINAL_NORM
+            if self.is_enabled(BreakpointType.FINAL_NORM) and "final_norm" in self._captured:
+                yield Breakpoint(
+                    bp_type=BreakpointType.FINAL_NORM,
+                    layer_idx=None,
+                    tensor=self._normalize_tensor(self._captured["final_norm"]),
+                    name="Final Norm",
+                )
+
+            # LM_HEAD
+            if self.is_enabled(BreakpointType.LM_HEAD) and "lm_head" in self._captured:
+                yield Breakpoint(
+                    bp_type=BreakpointType.LM_HEAD,
+                    layer_idx=None,
+                    tensor=self._normalize_tensor(self._captured["lm_head"]),
+                    name="LM Head",
+                )
+
+            return logits
+
+        finally:
+            self._remove_hooks()
+            self._captured = {}
diff --git a/nanovllm/debug/adapters/torch_adapter.py b/nanovllm/debug/adapters/torch_adapter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e54858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nanovllm/debug/adapters/torch_adapter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+"""Torch reference model adapter for breakpoint alignment."""
+
+from typing import Generator, Set, Optional
+import torch
+
+from ..breakpoints import Breakpoint, BreakpointType
+from .base import SteppableModel
+
+
+class TorchSteppable(SteppableModel):
+    """
+    Steppable adapter for the torch reference Qwen3 implementation.
+
+    Wraps tests/modeling_qwen3.py Qwen3ForCausalLM model.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model,
+        enabled_breakpoints: Optional[Set[BreakpointType]] = None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            model: Qwen3ForCausalLM from tests/modeling_qwen3.py
+            enabled_breakpoints: Set of breakpoint types to yield at
+        """
+        super().__init__(enabled_breakpoints)
+        self.model = model
+        self.model.eval()
+
+    @property
+    def num_layers(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.model.model.layers)
+
+    def step(
+        self,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        positions: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        is_prefill: bool = True,
+    ) -> Generator[Breakpoint, None, torch.Tensor]:
+        """
+        Generator that manually steps through the torch model.
+
+        The torch model uses [batch, seq_len, hidden_size] shapes.
+        """
+        # Ensure batch dimension
+        if input_ids.dim() == 1:
+            input_ids = input_ids.unsqueeze(0)
+
+        batch_size, seq_len = input_ids.shape
+        device = input_ids.device
+
+        # Generate position IDs if not provided
+        if positions is None:
+            positions = torch.arange(seq_len, device=device).unsqueeze(0).expand(batch_size, -1)
+        elif positions.dim() == 1:
+            positions = positions.unsqueeze(0)
+
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            # === EMBEDDING ===
+            hidden_states = self.model.model.embed_tokens(input_ids)
+
+            if self.is_enabled(BreakpointType.EMBEDDING):
+                yield Breakpoint(
+                    bp_type=BreakpointType.EMBEDDING,
+                    layer_idx=None,
+                    tensor=hidden_states.detach().clone(),
+                    name="Embedding",
+                )
+
+            # Create causal attention mask
+            causal_mask = torch.triu(
+                torch.full((seq_len, seq_len), float("-inf"), device=device),
+                diagonal=1,
+            )
+            attention_mask = causal_mask.unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(0)
+
+            # === DECODER LAYERS ===
+            for layer_idx, layer in enumerate(self.model.model.layers):
+                hidden_states, _, _ = layer(
+                    hidden_states=hidden_states,
+                    position_ids=positions,
+                    attention_mask=attention_mask,
+                    past_key_value=None,
+                    use_cache=False,
+                    output_qkv=False,
+                )
+
+                if self.is_enabled(BreakpointType.LAYER_OUTPUT):
+                    yield Breakpoint(
+                        bp_type=BreakpointType.LAYER_OUTPUT,
+                        layer_idx=layer_idx,
+                        tensor=hidden_states.detach().clone(),
+                        name=f"Layer {layer_idx}",
+                    )
+
+            # === FINAL NORM ===
+            hidden_states = self.model.model.norm(hidden_states)
+
+            if self.is_enabled(BreakpointType.FINAL_NORM):
+                yield Breakpoint(
+                    bp_type=BreakpointType.FINAL_NORM,
+                    layer_idx=None,
+                    tensor=hidden_states.detach().clone(),
+                    name="Final Norm",
+                )
+
+            # === LM HEAD ===
+            logits = self.model.lm_head(hidden_states)
+
+            if self.is_enabled(BreakpointType.LM_HEAD):
+                yield Breakpoint(
+                    bp_type=BreakpointType.LM_HEAD,
+                    layer_idx=None,
+                    tensor=logits.detach().clone(),
+                    name="LM Head",
+                )
+
+            return logits
diff --git a/nanovllm/debug/aligner.py b/nanovllm/debug/aligner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d3d76a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nanovllm/debug/aligner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+"""Breakpoint aligner for comparing model outputs."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import List, Tuple, Optional
+import torch
+
+from .breakpoints import Breakpoint
+from .comparator import TensorComparator, ComparisonResult
+from .adapters.base import SteppableModel
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AlignmentResult:
+    """Result of an alignment test."""
+    passed: bool
+    all_comparisons: List[Tuple[Breakpoint, Breakpoint, ComparisonResult]] = field(default_factory=list)
+    failed_at: Optional[Breakpoint] = None
+    message: str = ""
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        passed_count = sum(1 for _, _, c in self.all_comparisons if c.passed)
+        total = len(self.all_comparisons)
+        status = "PASSED" if self.passed else "FAILED"
+        return f"AlignmentResult({status}, {passed_count}/{total} breakpoints passed)"
+
+
+class BreakpointAligner:
+    """
+    Orchestrates alternating execution of reference and test models,
+    comparing outputs at each breakpoint.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> from nanovllm.debug import BreakpointAligner, TorchSteppable, NanovllmSteppable
+        >>> ref = TorchSteppable(torch_model)
+        >>> test = NanovllmSteppable(nanovllm_model)
+        >>> aligner = BreakpointAligner(ref, test)
+        >>> result = aligner.align(input_ids)
+        >>> print(result)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ref_model: SteppableModel,
+        test_model: SteppableModel,
+        comparator: Optional[TensorComparator] = None,
+        stop_on_error: bool = True,
+        verbose: bool = True,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            ref_model: Reference (torch) steppable model
+            test_model: Test (nanovllm) steppable model
+            comparator: Tensor comparator instance (uses default if None)
+            stop_on_error: If True, stop at first mismatch
+            verbose: If True, print comparison results
+        """
+        self.ref_model = ref_model
+        self.test_model = test_model
+        self.comparator = comparator or TensorComparator()
+        self.stop_on_error = stop_on_error
+        self.verbose = verbose
+
+    def align(
+        self,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        positions: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        is_prefill: bool = True,
+    ) -> AlignmentResult:
+        """
+        Run both models with same input, comparing at each breakpoint.
+
+        Args:
+            input_ids: Input token IDs
+            positions: Position IDs (optional)
+            is_prefill: True for prefill phase, False for decode
+
+        Returns:
+            AlignmentResult with pass/fail status and details
+        """
+        all_comparisons: List[Tuple[Breakpoint, Breakpoint, ComparisonResult]] = []
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            phase = "prefill" if is_prefill else "decode"
+            print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+            print(f"Alignment Test ({phase})")
+            print(f"{'='*60}")
+
+        # Start both generators
+        ref_gen = self.ref_model.step(input_ids, positions, is_prefill)
+        test_gen = self.test_model.step(input_ids, positions, is_prefill)
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                # Get next breakpoint from reference
+                try:
+                    ref_bp = next(ref_gen)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    break
+
+                # Get corresponding breakpoint from test
+                try:
+                    test_bp = next(test_gen)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    if self.verbose:
+                        print(f"Test model ended early at {ref_bp.name}")
+                    return AlignmentResult(
+                        passed=False,
+                        all_comparisons=all_comparisons,
+                        failed_at=ref_bp,
+                        message=f"Test model ended early at {ref_bp.name}",
+                    )
+
+                # Verify breakpoints match
+                if ref_bp.bp_type != test_bp.bp_type:
+                    msg = f"Breakpoint type mismatch: {ref_bp.bp_type} vs {test_bp.bp_type}"
+                    if self.verbose:
+                        print(msg)
+                    return AlignmentResult(
+                        passed=False,
+                        all_comparisons=all_comparisons,
+                        failed_at=ref_bp,
+                        message=msg,
+                    )
+
+                if ref_bp.layer_idx != test_bp.layer_idx:
+                    msg = f"Layer index mismatch: {ref_bp.layer_idx} vs {test_bp.layer_idx}"
+                    if self.verbose:
+                        print(msg)
+                    return AlignmentResult(
+                        passed=False,
+                        all_comparisons=all_comparisons,
+                        failed_at=ref_bp,
+                        message=msg,
+                    )
+
+                # Normalize shapes for comparison
+                ref_t = ref_bp.normalize_shape()
+                test_t = test_bp.normalize_shape()
+
+                # Handle shape mismatches
+                if ref_t.shape != test_t.shape:
+                    if self.verbose:
+                        print(f"[{ref_bp.name}] Shape mismatch: ref={ref_t.shape} vs test={test_t.shape}")
+
+                    # Try to reshape if element count matches
+                    if ref_t.numel() == test_t.numel():
+                        test_t = test_t.view(ref_t.shape)
+                    else:
+                        msg = f"Shape mismatch at {ref_bp.name}: {ref_t.shape} vs {test_t.shape}"
+                        return AlignmentResult(
+                            passed=False,
+                            all_comparisons=all_comparisons,
+                            failed_at=ref_bp,
+                            message=msg,
+                        )
+
+                # Compare tensors
+                result = self.comparator.compare(ref_t, test_t, ref_bp.name)
+                all_comparisons.append((ref_bp, test_bp, result))
+
+                if self.verbose:
+                    status = "\u2713" if result.passed else "\u2717"
+                    print(f"{status} [{ref_bp.name}] cos={result.cosine_similarity:.6f}, max_diff={result.max_abs_diff:.2e}")
+
+                if not result.passed and self.stop_on_error:
+                    if self.verbose:
+                        print(f"\nStopped at {ref_bp.name} (stop_on_error=True)")
+                        print(result.message)
+                    return AlignmentResult(
+                        passed=False,
+                        all_comparisons=all_comparisons,
+                        failed_at=ref_bp,
+                        message=f"Alignment failed at {ref_bp.name}",
+                    )
+
+            # Check for extra test breakpoints
+            try:
+                extra_bp = next(test_gen)
+                msg = f"Test model has extra breakpoints starting at {extra_bp.name}"
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print(msg)
+                return AlignmentResult(
+                    passed=False,
+                    all_comparisons=all_comparisons,
+                    message=msg,
+                )
+            except StopIteration:
+                pass
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            msg = f"Exception during alignment: {str(e)}"
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(msg)
+            raise
+
+        # Summary
+        all_passed = all(comp[2].passed for comp in all_comparisons)
+        passed_count = sum(1 for _, _, c in all_comparisons if c.passed)
+        total = len(all_comparisons)
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print(f"{'='*60}")
+            status = "PASSED" if all_passed else "FAILED"
+            print(f"Result: {status} ({passed_count}/{total} breakpoints)")
+            print(f"{'='*60}\n")
+
+        return AlignmentResult(
+            passed=all_passed,
+            all_comparisons=all_comparisons,
+            message="All breakpoints aligned" if all_passed else "Some breakpoints failed",
+        )
diff --git a/nanovllm/debug/breakpoints.py b/nanovllm/debug/breakpoints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cece8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nanovllm/debug/breakpoints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Breakpoint types and data structures for alignment debugging."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from typing import Optional
+import torch
+
+
+class BreakpointType(Enum):
+    """Types of breakpoints in the model forward pass."""
+    EMBEDDING = auto()      # After embed_tokens
+    LAYER_OUTPUT = auto()   # After each decoder layer
+    FINAL_NORM = auto()     # After final RMSNorm
+    LM_HEAD = auto()        # After lm_head (logits)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Breakpoint:
+    """A captured breakpoint with tensor data."""
+    bp_type: BreakpointType
+    layer_idx: Optional[int]  # None for EMBEDDING, FINAL_NORM, LM_HEAD
+    tensor: torch.Tensor
+    name: str
+
+    def normalize_shape(self) -> torch.Tensor:
+        """
+        Normalize tensor shape for comparison.
+
+        nanovllm uses [num_tokens, hidden_size] while torch uses
+        [batch, seq_len, hidden_size]. This adds a batch dimension
+        to 2D tensors for comparison.
+        """
+        if self.tensor.dim() == 2:
+            return self.tensor.unsqueeze(0)
+        return self.tensor
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        shape_str = "x".join(str(d) for d in self.tensor.shape)
+        return f"Breakpoint({self.name}, shape={shape_str}, dtype={self.tensor.dtype})"
diff --git a/nanovllm/debug/comparator.py b/nanovllm/debug/comparator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f3eaa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nanovllm/debug/comparator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""Tensor comparison utilities for alignment debugging."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ComparisonResult:
+    """Result of comparing two tensors."""
+    passed: bool
+    cosine_similarity: float
+    max_abs_diff: float
+    mean_abs_diff: float
+    message: str
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        status = "\u2713" if self.passed else "\u2717"
+        return f"{status} cos={self.cosine_similarity:.6f}, max_diff={self.max_abs_diff:.2e}"
+
+
+class TensorComparator:
+    """Compares tensors using cosine similarity and absolute differences."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cosine_threshold: float = 0.999,
+        max_diff_threshold: float = 0.1,
+        mean_diff_threshold: float = 0.01,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            cosine_threshold: Minimum cosine similarity to pass (0-1)
+            max_diff_threshold: Maximum allowed absolute difference
+            mean_diff_threshold: Maximum allowed mean absolute difference
+        """
+        self.cosine_threshold = cosine_threshold
+        self.max_diff_threshold = max_diff_threshold
+        self.mean_diff_threshold = mean_diff_threshold
+
+    def compare(
+        self,
+        ref: torch.Tensor,
+        test: torch.Tensor,
+        name: str = "",
+    ) -> ComparisonResult:
+        """
+        Compare two tensors and return detailed result.
+
+        Args:
+            ref: Reference tensor
+            test: Test tensor
+            name: Name for the comparison (used in message)
+
+        Returns:
+            ComparisonResult with pass/fail status and metrics
+        """
+        # Convert to float32 for comparison
+        ref_f = ref.float().flatten()
+        test_f = test.float().flatten()
+
+        # Cosine similarity
+        cos_sim = F.cosine_similarity(
+            ref_f.unsqueeze(0),
+            test_f.unsqueeze(0)
+        ).item()
+
+        # Absolute differences
+        diff = (ref.float() - test.float()).abs()
+        max_diff = diff.max().item()
+        mean_diff = diff.mean().item()
+
+        # Check thresholds
+        passed = (
+            cos_sim >= self.cosine_threshold and
+            max_diff <= self.max_diff_threshold and
+            mean_diff <= self.mean_diff_threshold
+        )
+
+        status = "PASS" if passed else "FAIL"
+        message = (
+            f"[{name}] {status}\n"
+            f"  Cosine Similarity: {cos_sim:.6f} (threshold: {self.cosine_threshold})\n"
+            f"  Max Abs Diff: {max_diff:.6f} (threshold: {self.max_diff_threshold})\n"
+            f"  Mean Abs Diff: {mean_diff:.6f} (threshold: {self.mean_diff_threshold})"
+        )
+
+        return ComparisonResult(
+            passed=passed,
+            cosine_similarity=cos_sim,
+            max_abs_diff=max_diff,
+            mean_abs_diff=mean_diff,
+            message=message,
+        )
diff --git a/nanovllm/debug/utils.py b/nanovllm/debug/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87d771c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nanovllm/debug/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""Utility functions for breakpoint alignment debugging."""
+
+import torch
+from nanovllm.utils.context import set_context, reset_context
+
+
+def setup_prefill_context(seq_len: int, device: torch.device):
+    """
+    Set up nanovllm context for prefill alignment testing.
+
+    Args:
+        seq_len: Sequence length
+        device: Target device
+    """
+    cu_seqlens = torch.tensor([0, seq_len], dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+    slot_mapping = torch.full((seq_len,), -1, dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+
+    set_context(
+        is_prefill=True,
+        cu_seqlens_q=cu_seqlens,
+        cu_seqlens_k=cu_seqlens,
+        max_seqlen_q=seq_len,
+        max_seqlen_k=seq_len,
+        slot_mapping=slot_mapping,
+        is_chunked_prefill=False,
+    )
+
+
+def setup_decode_context(context_len: int, device: torch.device):
+    """
+    Set up nanovllm context for decode alignment testing.
+
+    Args:
+        context_len: Context length (number of previous tokens)
+        device: Target device
+    """
+    context_lens = torch.tensor([context_len], dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+    slot_mapping = torch.tensor([-1], dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+    block_tables = torch.zeros((1, 1), dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+
+    set_context(
+        is_prefill=False,
+        slot_mapping=slot_mapping,
+        context_lens=context_lens,
+        block_tables=block_tables,
+    )
+
+
+def cleanup_context():
+    """Reset nanovllm context after alignment testing."""
+    reset_context()
diff --git a/tests/test_nanovllm_steppable.py b/tests/test_nanovllm_steppable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2381ef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_nanovllm_steppable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""
+Test NanovllmSteppable: Print activation statistics at each layer.
+
+Usage:
+    python tests/test_nanovllm_steppable.py
+"""
+
+import os
+os.environ["NANOVLLM_LOG_LEVEL"] = "WARNING"
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
+
+import torch
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+from nanovllm import LLM
+from nanovllm.debug.adapters.nanovllm_adapter import NanovllmSteppable
+from utils import generate_needle_prompt, check_needle_answer
+
+# ============================================================
+# Config
+# ============================================================
+MODEL_PATH = os.path.expanduser("~/models/Qwen3-0.6B/")
+INPUT_LEN = 32768  # Longer context to test offload
+MAX_NEW_TOKENS = 20
+DTYPE = torch.float16
+ENABLE_CPU_OFFLOAD = True  # Test offload mode
+
+# ============================================================
+# Load Model
+# ============================================================
+print(f"Loading nanovllm model (cpu_offload={ENABLE_CPU_OFFLOAD})...")
+llm = LLM(
+    MODEL_PATH,
+    enforce_eager=True,  # Required for hooks to work
+    max_model_len=40960,
+    max_num_batched_tokens=40960,
+    enable_cpu_offload=ENABLE_CPU_OFFLOAD,
+    dtype="float16",
+)
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL_PATH)
+
+# Get the underlying model for steppable
+model = llm.model_runner.model
+
+# ============================================================
+# Prepare Input (using needle-in-haystack prompt)
+# ============================================================
+prompt, expected_answer = generate_needle_prompt(
+    tokenizer,
+    target_length=INPUT_LEN,
+    needle_position=0.5,
+    needle_value="7492",
+    use_chat_template=False,
+    verbose=True,
+)
+input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
+print(f"Input shape: {input_ids.shape}")
+print(f"Expected answer: {expected_answer}\n")
+
+# ============================================================
+# Create Steppable Model (reused for prefill + decode)
+# ============================================================
+steppable = NanovllmSteppable(model)
+
+# ============================================================
+# Prefill Phase: Print activation stats
+# ============================================================
+print("=" * 85)
+print("PREFILL PHASE")
+print("=" * 85)
+print(f"{'Layer':<15} {'Shape':<25} {'Mean':>10} {'Std':>10} {'Min':>10} {'Max':>10}")
+print("-" * 85)
+
+current_ids = input_ids.clone()
+logits = None
+
+for bp in steppable.step(current_ids, is_prefill=True):
+    t = bp.tensor.float()
+    shape_str = str(list(t.shape))
+    print(f"{bp.name:<15} {shape_str:<25} {t.mean():>10.4f} {t.std():>10.4f} {t.min():>10.4f} {t.max():>10.4f}")
+    if bp.name == "LM Head":
+        logits = bp.tensor
+
+# Get first token from prefill
+next_token_id = logits[0, -1].argmax().item()
+next_token = tokenizer.decode(next_token_id)
+current_ids = torch.cat([current_ids, torch.tensor([[next_token_id]], device=current_ids.device)], dim=1)
+generated_tokens = [next_token]
+
+# ============================================================
+# Decode Phase: Only print generated tokens
+# ============================================================
+print("\n" + "=" * 85)
+print("DECODE PHASE")
+print("=" * 85)
+print(f"Step  1: {next_token!r}")
+
+for step in range(2, MAX_NEW_TOKENS + 1):
+    # Forward pass with full sequence (reuse same steppable)
+    # Note: nanovllm without KV cache needs full sequence for each decode
+    for bp in steppable.step(current_ids, is_prefill=True):
+        if bp.name == "LM Head":
+            logits = bp.tensor
+
+    # Get next token (greedy)
+    next_token_id = logits[0, -1].argmax().item()
+    next_token = tokenizer.decode(next_token_id)
+    generated_tokens.append(next_token)
+
+    print(f"Step {step:2}: {next_token!r}")
+
+    # Stop if EOS
+    if next_token_id == tokenizer.eos_token_id:
+        print("  (EOS)")
+        break
+
+    # Append to sequence
+    current_ids = torch.cat([current_ids, torch.tensor([[next_token_id]], device=current_ids.device)], dim=1)
+
+# ============================================================
+# Result
+# ============================================================
+print("\n" + "=" * 85)
+print("RESULT")
+print("=" * 85)
+generated_text = "".join(generated_tokens)
+print(f"Generated: {generated_text!r}")
+print(f"Expected:  {expected_answer}")
+print(f"Answer:    {'CORRECT!' if check_needle_answer(generated_text, expected_answer) else 'INCORRECT'}")
+
+print("\ntest_nanovllm_steppable: PASSED")
diff --git a/tests/test_needle.py b/tests/test_needle.py
index 006a3d9..4f8661a 100644
--- a/tests/test_needle.py
+++ b/tests/test_needle.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ sequences longer than ~200 tokens. Use --no-offload for correctness testing.
 """
 
 import os
-os.environ["NANOVLLM_LOG_LEVEL"] = "DEBUG"
+os.environ["NANOVLLM_LOG_LEVEL"] = "INFO"
 
 import argparse
 from nanovllm import LLM, SamplingParams
diff --git a/tests/test_torch_steppable.py b/tests/test_torch_steppable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63c38a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_torch_steppable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+"""
+Test TorchSteppable: Print activation statistics at each layer.
+
+Usage:
+    python tests/test_torch_steppable.py
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
+
+import torch
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+from modeling_qwen3 import Qwen3ForCausalLM
+from nanovllm.debug.adapters.torch_adapter import TorchSteppable
+from utils import generate_needle_prompt, check_needle_answer
+
+# ============================================================
+# Config
+# ============================================================
+MODEL_PATH = os.path.expanduser("~/models/Qwen3-0.6B/")
+INPUT_LEN = 512
+MAX_NEW_TOKENS = 20
+DTYPE = torch.float16
+
+# ============================================================
+# Load Model
+# ============================================================
+print("Loading model...")
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL_PATH)
+model = Qwen3ForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_PATH, dtype=DTYPE)
+model = model.to("cuda").eval()
+
+# ============================================================
+# Prepare Input (using needle-in-haystack prompt)
+# ============================================================
+prompt, expected_answer = generate_needle_prompt(
+    tokenizer,
+    target_length=INPUT_LEN,
+    needle_position=0.5,
+    needle_value="7492",
+    use_chat_template=False,
+    verbose=True,
+)
+input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
+print(f"Input shape: {input_ids.shape}")
+print(f"Expected answer: {expected_answer}\n")
+
+# ============================================================
+# Create Steppable Model (reused for prefill + decode)
+# ============================================================
+steppable = TorchSteppable(model)
+
+# ============================================================
+# Prefill Phase: Print activation stats
+# ============================================================
+print("=" * 85)
+print("PREFILL PHASE")
+print("=" * 85)
+print(f"{'Layer':<15} {'Shape':<25} {'Mean':>10} {'Std':>10} {'Min':>10} {'Max':>10}")
+print("-" * 85)
+
+current_ids = input_ids.clone()
+logits = None
+
+for bp in steppable.step(current_ids):
+    t = bp.tensor.float()
+    shape_str = str(list(t.shape))    
+    print(f"{bp.name:<15} {shape_str:<25} {t.mean():>10.4f} {t.std():>10.4f} {t.min():>10.4f} {t.max():>10.4f}")
+    if bp.name == "LM Head":
+        logits = bp.tensor
+
+# Get first token from prefill
+next_token_id = logits[0, -1].argmax().item()
+next_token = tokenizer.decode(next_token_id)
+current_ids = torch.cat([current_ids, torch.tensor([[next_token_id]], device=current_ids.device)], dim=1)
+generated_tokens = [next_token]
+
+# ============================================================
+# Decode Phase: Only print generated tokens
+# ============================================================
+print("\n" + "=" * 85)
+print("DECODE PHASE")
+print("=" * 85)
+print(f"Step  1: {next_token!r}")
+
+for step in range(2, MAX_NEW_TOKENS + 1):
+    # Forward pass (reuse same steppable)
+    for bp in steppable.step(current_ids):
+        if bp.name == "LM Head":
+            logits = bp.tensor
+
+    # Get next token (greedy)
+    next_token_id = logits[0, -1].argmax().item()
+    next_token = tokenizer.decode(next_token_id)
+    generated_tokens.append(next_token)
+
+    print(f"Step {step:2}: {next_token!r}")
+
+    # Stop if EOS
+    if next_token_id == tokenizer.eos_token_id:
+        print("  (EOS)")
+        break
+
+    # Append to sequence
+    current_ids = torch.cat([current_ids, torch.tensor([[next_token_id]], device=current_ids.device)], dim=1)
+
+# ============================================================
+# Result
+# ============================================================
+print("\n" + "=" * 85)
+print("RESULT")
+print("=" * 85)
+generated_text = "".join(generated_tokens)
+print(f"Generated: {generated_text!r}")
+print(f"Expected:  {expected_answer}")
+print(f"Answer:    {'CORRECT!' if check_needle_answer(generated_text, expected_answer) else 'INCORRECT'}")
+
+print("\ntest_torch_steppable: PASSED")